Pythagoras was an Ancient Greek sculptor, traditionally a native of Samos, who worked around the 5th century BC. His identity is hard to pin down: Pliny the Elder describes two sculptors named Pythagoras, but modern scholars generally consider them the same artist, a Samian exile who ended up at Rhegium in Magna Graecia under the tyrant Anaxilas.
He began as a painter before turning to sculpture, specialising in portraits of athletic champions from Greek cities in southern Italy and Sicily. Pliny credits him with showing visible veins on athletes and considers him the first artist to aim for rhythm and symmetry. His works listed in ancient sources include a pankratiast at Delphi, seven nude statues and an old man beside the temple of Fortuna Huiusce Diei. Pausanias mentions the boxer Euthymos. No certain copy of his work survives, although the Charioteer of Delphi is sometimes attributed to him, so his reputation rests mainly on ancient testimony.