Rafael Blanco Estera (Havana, 1885 – Havana, 1955) was a Cuban painter and caricaturist, also known as a chess player. He studied at the San Alejandro National School of Fine Arts in Havana between 1902 and 1905, and his work moved between painting and satirical caricature.
He exhibited in Havana from 1912, with shows such as the Satirical Collection of 1932 at the Lyceum. He took part in the National Salon of Fine Arts in 1916 and the First Salon of Humorists in 1921. He won prizes from the magazine La Ilustración in 1917 and a gold medal at the Ibero-American Exhibition in Seville in 1930. His work is held by the National Museum of Fine Arts in Havana, which staged an exhibition marking the centenary of his birth in 1985.
Alongside his art, he was three times Cuban chess champion, in 1914, 1920 and 1937, and he played for Cuba at the 1939 Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires.